Diabetes Vocabulary
Here are some terms related to diabetes that I hope come in handy. These terms are in rough alphabetical order because, well, I have finals coming up and don’t have time to be too finicky! At least they are grouped together based on first letter.
albuminuria – presence of albumin in the urine
basal insulin secretion — low levels of insulin secreted by the pancreas during fasting
dysphagia — difficulty swallowing
Dawn Syndrome – was salts from a nighttime release of growth hormone that causes blood glucose elevations at about five to 6 AM.
gastroparesis – delay in gastric emptying
glucagon — counter regulatory hormone that has action opposite of insulin
Glycemic – blood glucose
glycogenesis – the conversion of amino acids into glucose
gluconeogenesis – conversion of proteins to glucose
glycogenolysis– the breakdown of glycogen to glucose
hyperinsulinemia – chronic high blood insulin levels which can occur with intensive treatment schedules and may result in weight gain.
hematuria – bloody urine
hemoconcentration – and increased blood concentration
hypovolemia – a decrease in blood volume
hyperviscosity – thick concentrated blood
hypoperfusion – decreased circulation
hypoxia – poor tissue oxygenation
hyperglycemia – high blood glucose levels
hyperlipidemia – high blood fat levels
insulin resistance – a reduced ability of most cells to respond to insulin, poor control of liver glucose output, and decreased beta cell function, eventually leading to beta cell failure
ketogenesis – conversion of fats to acid
ketone bodies – small acid
Kussmaul respirations — breathing rhythm that is faster and deeper than normal
lipolysis — the breakdown of fat
lipatrophy — loss of fat tissue in areas of repeated injection that results from an immune reaction to in prerelease of insulin
lipohypertrophy — and increased swelling of fat that occurs at the site of repeated insulin injections caused by the underlying skin having decreased sensitivity.
macrovascular — large blood vessels
microalbuminuria — very small amounts of albumin in the urine
metabolic syndrome – is the simultaneous presence of metabolic factors known to increase risk for developing type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Features of metabolic syndrome:
abdominal obesity
hyperglycemia
hypertension
dyslipidemia
microvascular – small blood vessels
Near-euglycemic – near-normal blood glucose
nephropathy – kidney dysfunction
neuropathy – nerve dysfunction
orthostatic hypotension — change in blood pressure upon changes in posture
prandial – higher levels of insulin secreted by the pancreas after eating
proteolysis – the breakdown of proteins
polyuria — frequent and excessive urination resulting from in osmotic diuresis caused by excess glucose in the urine
polydipsia – excessive thirst
polyphagia – excessive eating
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) — the growth of new retinal blood vessels caused by poor retinal blood flow and hypoxia which causes retinal cells to secrete a growth factor stimulating permission of new blood vessels in the eye.
retinopathy – vision problems
syncope – brief loss of consciousness
Somogyi phenomenon — morning hyperglycemia from the counterregulatory response to nighttime hypoglycemia.
Venous beading — the abnormal appearance of retinal veins in in which areas of swelling and construction along a segment of vein resemble links up sausage.
Corey O
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